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INTERDISCIPLINARY
understanding of the human microbiome and its
relationship to the health of the host increases, it has
become clear that most of the periodontal diseases
have a microbial involvement. The oral and
gastrointestinal tract microbiome constitutes the bulk
of the overall human microbial load, and thus
presents unique opportunities for advancing human
health prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy development.
This systematic review therefore is an attempt to
catalog a broad diversity of recent evidences
highlighting the relationship between intestinal microflora
and the commonest yet diverse oral conditions like
dental caries and periodonatal conditions.
Aim Of The Study: To evaluate and assess the
relationship between dental caries, periodonatal
diseases and Intestinal flora.
Research question: Is there actually any relationship
between dental caries, periodontal disease and
internal flora? If yes, what is their severity.
Materials and methods: Study sample included
review of research articles, based on scientific
databases from the English literature based
COCHRANE collaboration having a definite RCT
(Randomised Control Trial).
Result And Conclusion: Study shows that 70-75%
articles showed positive association between
periodontal diseases, dental caries and intestinal
flora, therefore we can conclude that there is
definitive, significant association between these 3
entities which goes in affirmation with the study.
KEYWORDS
Dental caries, Periodontal disease, Intestinal flora,
Probiotics
INTRODUCTION
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities,
is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by
bacteria. The cavities may be a number of different
colors from yellow to black. Symptoms may include
July-August-September 2019
pain and difficulty with eating. Complications may
include inflammation of the tissue around the tooth,
tooth loss, and infection or abscess formation.
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a
set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues
surrounding the teeth. In its early stage, called
gingivitis, the gums become swollen, red, and may
bleed. In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the
gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost,
and the teeth may loosen or fall out. Bad breath may
also occur. the dental biofilm is the main biological
determinant common to the development of both
these diseases and these diseases show a common
risk factor and which is important for their prevention.
The digestive system begins with the oral cavity where
food and microorganisms are introduced, mixed with
salivary proteins and digestive enzymes, swallowed,
and enter the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract to be
further digested. In the oral environment, several
unique ecological niches can be mapped where
microorganisms establish in consortial communities.
Failing to establish in oral communities, some
environmental microorganisms simply transit to the
lower GI tract.
Despite continuous shedding of superficial epithelial
layers, the oral mucosae are persistently colonized by
microorganisms growing in unique ecological niches.
One distinctive feature of the oral cavity is the surface
of the tooth or tooth enamel. This non-shedding
surface supports the growth and maturation of a
complex microbial biofilm. The nutrient foundations of
the microbiota surviving on mucosae or within the
tooth biofilm are the proteins and glycoproteins of
saliva, and the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids of
dietary food. Since the teeth are anchored to the
jaws, but grow out of the gums or gingivae, serum
proteins that exude at the gingival sulcus (the junction
of the tooth and the gingiva are an additional source
of nutrients in specific ecological niches. In this review,
we will discuss the composition of the microbiota that
has shed from oral surface niches into saliva, biofilm
communities on the tooth enamel, and within
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