What you can say when marketing organic 2020 - Flipbook - Page 41
39 Soil Association Standards for Great
Britain, Farming & Growing v1.2Jan
2023. Standard 1.2, and 3.5 to 3.17. Also
refer to the Standards Analysis Report
2012 from Compassion in World
Farming & OneKind https://www.ciwf.
org.uk/research/food-and-humanhealth/standards-analysis-report/
40 Reganold and Wachter (2016). Organic
Agriculture in the Twenty First Century.
Nature Plants, 2, 15221
41 Parrott, N., Olesen, J. E. & HøghJensen, H. (2006) Global Development
of Organic Agriculture: Challenges and
Prospects, CABI (eds Halberg, N. et al.)
153–179
42 Reganold and Wachter (2016). Organic
Agriculture in the Twenty First Century.
Nature Plants, 2, 15221 “Organic
farming can improve food security by
diversifying on-farm crop and livestock
operations, which diversifies income
sources and improves variety in diets”
43 Meinhausen, F., Toralf, R. et al. (2019)
Group Certification. Internal Control
Systems in Organic Agriculture:
Significance, Opportunities and
Challenges, the Research Institute
of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), part
of project “Consolidation of Local
Certification Bodies” (ConsCert).
https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/35159/
en/news/2019/mr_fibl_ConsCert_ICS_
study.pdf
44 Huber, B. et al. (2021) What Is The
Contribution Of Organic Agriculture To
Sustainable Development? Results Of
10 Years Farming Systems Comparison
In The Tropics (Syscom), September
2021 https://orgprints.org/id/
eprint/42304/
45 Research Institute of Organic
Agriculture FiBL (2019) Media
Release: The Contribution of Organic
Agriculture to the SDGs: Scientific
evidence from comparative research.
06.03.2019: “FiBL research results
show that organic farming and other
agro-ecological methods can be
more economically beneficial for
smallholder families in low-income
countries than conventional methods,
despite lower yields in some cases, as
they require less capital and income
can be higher in terms of labour
input. Hence, organic farming can
represent an economic advantage for
smallholders in addition to the wellknown environmental benefits that this
agricultural system brings.”
Marketing Organic
48 Research Institute of Organic
Agriculture FiBL (2019) Media
Release: The Contribution of Organic
Agriculture to the SDGs: Scientific
evidence from comparative research.
06.03.2019: “FiBL research results
show that organic farming and other
agro-ecological methods can be
more economically beneficial for
smallholder families in low-income
countries than conventional methods,
despite lower yields in some cases, as
they require less capital and income
can be higher in terms of labour
input. Hence, organic farming can
represent an economic advantage for
smallholders in addition to the wellknown environmental benefits that this
agricultural system brings.”
49 Soil Association Standards for Great
Britain, Farming & Growing v1.2 Jan
2023. Standard 1.2 and 2.3
50 Soil Association Standards for Great
Britain, Farming & Growing v1.2 Jan
2023. Standard 2.3
51 The Council of the European Union.
Council Regulation (EC) No 2018/848
(repealing 834/2007) General principles
of EU organic standards, Article 5a “the
responsible use of energy and natural
resources, such as water, soil, organic
matter and air”
52 Muller et al. (2016) Organic farming,
climate change and beyond. IFOAM EU
and Fibl
53 Soil Association Standards for Great
Britain, Farming & Growing v1.2 Jan
2023. Standard 2.5.4
54 Smith et al. (2015) The energy
efficiency of organic agriculture: A
review. Renewable Agriculture and
Food Systems, 30, 3 “organic farming
performs better than conventional
for nearly all crop types when energy
use is expressed on a unit of area
basis. Results are more variable per
unit of product due to the lower yield
for most organic crops. For livestock,
ruminant production systems tend to
be more energy efficient under organic
management due to the production
of forage in grass–clover leys.
Conversely, organic poultry tend to
perform worse in terms of energy use
as a result of higher feed conversion
ratios and mortality rates compared to
conventional fully housed or freerange systems. With regard to energy
sources, there is some evidence that
organic farms use more renewable
energy and have less of an impact on
natural ecosystems. Human energy
requirements on organic farms are also
higher as a result of greater system
diversity and manual weed control.
Overall this review has found that most
organic farming systems are more
energy efficient than their conventional
counterparts, although there are some
notable exceptions.”
55 Smith et al. (2015) The energy
efficiency of organic agriculture: A
review. Renewable Agriculture and
Food Systems, 30, 3
56 Reganold and Wachter (2016). Organic
Agriculture in the Twenty First Century.
Nature Plants, 2, 15221
57 Smith et al. (2015) The energy
efficiency of organic agriculture: A
review. Renewable Agriculture and
Food Systems, 30, 3 “organic farming
performs better than conventional
for nearly all crop types when energy
use is expressed on a unit of area
basis. Results are more variable per
unit of product due to the lower yield
for most organic crops. For livestock,
ruminant production systems tend to
be more energy efficient under organic
management due to the production
of forage in grass–clover leys.
Conversely, organic poultry tend to
perform worse in terms of energy use
as a result of higher feed conversion
ratios and mortality rates compared to
conventional fully housed or freerange systems. With regard to energy
sources, there is some evidence that
organic farms use more renewable
energy and have less of an impact on
natural ecosystems. Human energy
requirements on organic farms are also
higher as a result of greater system
diversity and manual weed control.
Overall this review has found that most
organic farming systems are more
energy efficient than their conventional
counterparts, although there are some
notable exceptions.”
58 Soil Association Standards for Great
Britain, Farming & Growing v1.2 Jan
2023. Standard 2.5.4
59 Muller et al. (2016) Organic farming,
climate change and beyond. IFOAM EU
and Fibl
60 Scialabba, N. E.-H., and M. MüllerLindenlauf, 2010: Organic agriculture
and climate change. Renew. Agric.
Food Syst., 25, https://doi.org/10.1017/
S1742170510000116.
61 Muller et al. (2016) Organic farming,
climate change and beyond. IFOAM
EU and Fibl. This report calculates that
if the EU converted 50% of land to
organic farming by 2030, the changes
to soil carbon sequestration and the
avoidance of mineral fertilizers could
reduce or offset greenhouse gas
emissions equivalent to about 35%
of total agricultural greenhouse gas
emissions.
References
46 Meinhausen, F., Toralf, R. et al. (2019)
Group Certification. Internal Control
Systems in Organic Agriculture:
Significance, Opportunities and
Challenges, the Research Institute
of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), part
of project “Consolidation of Local
Certification Bodies” (ConsCert).
https://orgprints.org/id/eprint/35159/
47 Huber, B. et al. (2021) What Is The
Contribution Of Organic Agriculture To
Sustainable Development? Results Of
10 Years Farming Systems Comparison
In The Tropics (Syscom), September
2021 https://orgprints.org/id/
eprint/42304/
62 Reviews by Lynch et al., Gomiero et
al. and Lampkin report that organic
agriculture consistently has lower
energy use and greenhouse gas
41