What you can say when marketing organic 2020 - Flipbook - Page 35
91. Maria Helena-Semedo speaking at the World Soil Day Forum
(2014) ‘Only 60 years of farming left if soil degradation
continues’, covered by Chris Arsenault, Scientific American,
Reuters. Available here. Same estimation by Professor John
Crawford, University of Sydney in an interview with TIME
magazine (2012) ‘What if the world’s soil runs out?’, World
Economic Forum, TIME magazine, Dec 14th 2012.
Available here.
92. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (2017)
Global Land Outlook. Full Report, p52. Available online here.
93. Cameron, D. et al (2015) ‘A sustainable model for intensive
agriculture’ Grantham Centre briefing note, December 2015,
University of Sheffield, available online at http://grantham.
sheffield.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/A4-sustainable-modelintensive-agriculture-spread.pdf
94. Professor John Crawford, University of Sydney in an
interview with TIME magazine (2012) ‘What if the world’s soil
runs out?’, World Economic Forum, TIME magazine, Dec 14th
2012. Available here.
95. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (2014)
Desertification: The Invisible Frontline. Second edition, p2,
Available online here. NB. size of Switzerland is 41,280 km2
96. Environmental Audit Committee – Inquiry into Soil Health
(2016) Written Submission from the Committee on Climate
Change – 14th January 2016
97. Graves et al. (2015) The total cost of soil degradation in
England and Wales. Ecological Economics, 119, 399-413.
98. Graves et al. (2015) The total cost of soil degradation in
England and Wales. Ecological Economics, 119, 399-413.
Available here.
World Agriculture 2, 9–13
109. Tuomisto et al. (2012) Does organic farming reduce
environmental impacts? A meta analysis of European
research. Journal of Environmental Management, 112,
December 2012, 309-320
110. Bot, A. and Benites, J. (2005), ‘The importance of soil
organic matter: Key to drought-resistant soil and sustained
food production’ United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organisation, available online at: http://www.fao.org/
docrep/009/a0100e/a0100e.pdf p38 “soil organic matter
enhances biological activity of soil organisms that detoxify
and absorb excess nutrients that would otherwise become
pollutants to groundwater and surface water supplies.”
111. Henneron, L et al. (2015) ‘Fourteen years of evidence for
positive effects of conservation agriculture and organic
farming on soil life’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development,
2015, 35:1 169 – 181 doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8
112. Henneron, L et al. (2015) ‘Fourteen years of evidence
for positive effects of conservation agriculture and
organic farming on soil life’, Agronomy for Sustainable
Development, 2015, 35:1 169 – 181 doi:10.1007/s13593014-0215-8. This study found that both conservation and
organic systems increased the abundance and biomass
of all soil organisms except predaceous nematodes. For
example, larger soil organisms increased from 100 to 2,500
%, nematodes from 100 to 700%, and microorganisms
from 30 to 70%. For more information about how organic
agriculture supports healthy soils, see briefing by IFOAM
Organics International, ‘Organic agriculture and healthy
soils’, published online at: https://www.ifoam.bio/sites/
default/files/2020-04/oa_and_soils_web.pdf (pdf accessed
May 2020)
99. Jones, A., et al. (2012) ‘The State of Soil in Europe’ A
contribution of the JRC to the European Environment
Agency’s Environment State and Outlook Report - SOER
2010, available online at: http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
ESDB_Archive/eusoils_docs/other/EUR25186.pdf
113. Henneron, L et al. (2015) ‘Fourteen years of evidence for
positive effects of conservation agriculture and organic
farming on soil life’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development,
2015, 35:1 169 – 181 doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8
100. Pimentel et al. (1995) Environmental and Economic Costs of
Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits, SCIENCE, 267, 5201:
1117-1123. Available here.
114. Lori et al. (2017) Organic farming enhances soil microbial
abundance and activity. A meta-analysis and metaregression. PLoS ONE 12(7):e0180442
101. Pimental (2006) Soil Erosion: A food and environmental
threat. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 8 (1),
p.119-137. Available here.
115. Tuomisto et al. (2012) Does organic farming reduce
environmental impacts? A meta analysis of European
research. Journal of Environmental Management, 112,
December 2012, 309-320 “The main explanation for higher
organic matter contents in organic systems was that organic
systems had higher organic matter inputs. In the systems
included in this meta-analysis, the organic matter inputs in
the form of manure or compost were on average 65% higher
on organic farms compared to conventional farms, when
calculated as an average of the relative inputs by weight
(organic/conventional) in each case.”
102. Soil Association Standards for Farming & Growing v. Jan
2020. Standard 2.4.1
103. Soil Association Standards for Farming & Growing v. Jan
2020. Standard 2.4.1
104. Soil Association Standards for Farming & Growing v. Jan
2020. Standard 2.4.1
105. Henneron, L et al. (2015) ‘Fourteen years of evidence for
positive effects of conservation agriculture and organic
farming on soil life’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development,
2015, 35:1 169 – 181 doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8. This
study found that both conservation and organic systems
increased the abundance and biomass of all soil organisms
except predaceous nematodes. For example, larger soil
organisms increased from 100 to 2,500%, nematodes from
100 to 700%, and microorganisms from 30 to 70%. For more
information about how organic agriculture supports healthy
soils, see briefing by IFOAM Organics International, ‘Organic
agriculture and healthy soils’, published online at: https://
www.ifoam.bio/sites/default/files/2020-04/oa_and_soils_
web.pdf (pdf accessed May 2020)
106. Soil Association Standards for Farming & Growing v. Jan
2020. Standard 2.4.1
107. Soil Association Standards for Farming & Growing v. Jan
2020. Standard 2.4.1
108. V. Smil (2011). Nitrogen cycle and world food production.
116. Tuomisto et al. (2012) Does organic farming reduce
environmental impacts? A meta analysis of European
research. Journal of Environmental Management, 112,
December 2012, 309-320
117. Henneron, L et al. (2015) ‘Fourteen years of evidence for
positive effects of conservation agriculture and organic
farming on soil life’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development,
2015, 35:1 169 – 181 doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8
“Organic farming improved mainly the bacterial pathway of
the soil food web and endogeic and anecic earthworms.”
118. Klein et al. (2007), Proc. Biol. Sci. 274, 303. In this review, the
authors expanded previous estimates using novel primary
data from 200 countries and found that fruit, vegetable or
seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is
dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not
rely upon animal pollination.
119. Klein et al. (2007), Proc. Biol. Sci. 274, 303.
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