What you can say when marketing organic 2020 - Flipbook - Page 36
120.Buchmann, S. L., and Nabhan, G.P. (1997) The Forgotten
Pollinators [book], Island Press
121. Wikipedia holds a list of crop plants pollinated by bees:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crop_plants_
pollinated_by_bees. Cocoa plants are pollinated by midges,
as described in Young, A. (1994) The chocolate tree: a
natural history of cocoa [book] Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington DC. Also summarised in this article by
Smithsonian Magazine: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/
science-nature/you-wouldnt-have-chocolate-withoutinvisible-flies-and-extreme-yeast-180954172/)
122.Eilers et al. (2011) Contribution of Pollinator-Mediated Crops to
Nutrients in the Human Food Supply, PLOS One 6(6): e21363.
123.Eilers et al. (2011) Contribution of Pollinator-Mediated Crops
to Nutrients in the Human Food Supply, PLOS One 6(6):
e21363.
124.Radar et al. (2016) Non-bee insects are important
contributors to global crop pollination, PNAS, 113, (1), 146-151
125.Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys (2019) Worldwide decline
of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological
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126.Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys (2019) Worldwide decline
of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological
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127.Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys (2019) Worldwide decline
of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological
Conservation, 232, 8-27
128.Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys (2019) Worldwide decline
of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological
Conservation, 232, 8-27
129.Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuys (2019) Worldwide decline
of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological
Conservation, 232, 8-27
130.‘State of Nature 2019’ The State of Nature partnership,
available online from: https://nbn.org.uk/wp-content/
uploads/2019/09/State-of-Nature-2019-UK-full-report.pdf
131.Bengtsson, J., Ahnström, J., & Weibull, A. C. (2005 ‘The effects
of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: A
meta-analysis’ Journal of Applied Ecology, 42(2), 261–269.
http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x
132.Tuck, S. L., et al (2014) ‘Land-use intensity and the effects
of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical metaanalysis’, The Journal of Applied Ecology, 51(3), 746–755.
http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12219
133.Holzschuh A., Steffan-dewenter I., Kleijn D. & Tscharntke T.
(2007) Diversity of flower-visiting bees in cereal fields: effects
of farming system, landscape composition and regional
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134.Tuck, S. L., et al (2014) ‘Land-use intensity and the effects
of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical metaanalysis’, The Journal of Applied Ecology, 51(3), 746–755.
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135.Kennedy et al. (2013) A global quantitative synthesis of
local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in
agroecosystems. Ecology Letters. Vol: 16 pp. 584–599.
136.Tuck, S. L., et al (2014) ‘Land-use intensity and the effects
of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical metaanalysis’, The Journal of Applied Ecology, 51(3), 746–755.
http://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12219
137.Kennedy et al. (2013) A global quantitative synthesis of
local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in
agroecosystems. Ecology Letters. Vol: 16 pp. 584–599.
138.Kennedy et al. (2013) A global quantitative synthesis of
local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in
agroecosystems. Ecology Letters. Vol: 16 pp. 584–599.
36
139.Kennedy et al. (2013) A global quantitative synthesis of
local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in
agroecosystems. Ecology Letters. Vol: 16 pp. 584–599.
140.Kennedy et al. (2013) A global quantitative synthesis of
local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in
agroecosystems. Ecology Letters. Vol: 16 pp. 584–599.
141.Kennedy et al. (2013) A global quantitative synthesis of
local and landscape effects on wild bee pollinators in
agroecosystems. Ecology Letters. Vol: 16 pp. 584–599.
142.Holzschuh et al. 2008, Agricultural landscapes with organic
crops support higher pollinator diversity, OIKOS, 117, 3, 54-361
143.Tuck et al, (2014) Land-use intensity and the effects of
organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical metaanalysis’, Journal of Applied Ecology
144.Tuck et al, (2014) Land-use intensity and the effects of
organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical metaanalysis’, Journal of Applied Ecology
145.Tuck et al, (2014) Land-use intensity and the effects of
organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical metaanalysis’, Journal of Applied Ecology
146.Batary P, Sutcliffe L, Dormann CF, Tscharntke T (2013)
Organic Farming Favours Insect-Pollinated over Non-Insect
Pollinated Forbs in Meadows and Wheat Fields. PLoS ONE
8(1): e54818.
147.Hardman, C. (2016). ‘Delivery of floral resources and
pollination services on farmland under three different
wildlife-friendly schemes, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., vol. 220,
pp. 142–151, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.015.
148.Gabriel & Tscharntke (2006) Insect pollinated plants
benefit from organic farming, Agriculture, Ecosystems &
Environment, 118, 1-4, 43-48
149.Batary P, Sutcliffe L, Dormann CF, Tscharntke T (2013)
Organic Farming Favours Insect-Pollinated over Non-Insect
Pollinated Forbs in Meadows and Wheat Fields. PLoS ONE
8(1): e54818.
150.Seufert, V. and Ramankutty, N. (2017) Many shades of gray—
The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture.
Science Advances, 3, 3
151.Scialabba, N. and Muller-Lindenlauf (2010) Organic
agriculture and climate change. Renewable Agriculture and
Food Systems: 25(2); 158–169
152.Henneron, L et al. (2015) ‘Fourteen years of evidence for
positive effects of conservation agriculture and organic
farming on soil life’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development,
2015, 35:1 169 – 181 doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8
153.Lori et al. (2017) Organic farming enhances soil microbial
abundance and activity. A meta-analysis and metaregression. PLoS ONE 12(7):e0180442
154.Soil Association Organic Standards for Farming and
Growing, Standard 2.5 and 2.6. Organic standards ban the
use of synthetic pesticides and fertilisers commonly used in
non-organic farming which are polluting and/or toxic to the
environment, wildlife and/or human health. These standards
refer to legal requirements of organic farming European law.
In addition, leaching of nutrients has been found to be lower
in organic systems. A diagram which explains the differing
Nitrogen cycles in organic and non-organic farming can be
found in Reganold and Wachter (2016). Organic Agriculture
in the Twenty First Century. Nature Plants, 2, 15221, Figure 3
155.Haas, G., Berg, M., Kopke, U. (2002) Nitrate leaching: comparing
conventional, integrated and organic agricultural production
systems. Agricultural Effects on Ground and Surface Waters:
Research at the Edge of Science and Society, 131
156.Pandey et al. (2018) Nitrogen balances in organic and
conventional arable crop rotations and their relations to
nitrogen yield and nitrate leaching losses. Agriculture,