Media 2070 FINAL - Flipbook - Page 49
replaced by the Federal Communications Commission, which “was given greater powers and subject
Researcher, Archivist, Makes Important Part of Group’s History Available to the Public,” The Dispatch,
to Congressional oversight.” Jennifer Davis, “Anniversary of the Radio Act of 1927, The Beginning
April 13, 2019: https://cdispatch.com/news/article.asp?aid=73029; “Senators Who Changed Parties
of Broadcast Regulation,” Library of Congress, Feb. 23, 2016: https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2016/02/
During Senate Service,” entry on Strom Thurmond, United States Senate, accessed on Sept. 14, 2020:
anniversary-of-the-radio-act-of-1927-the-beginning-of-broadcast-regulation/
https://www.senate.gov/senators/SenatorsWhoChangedPartiesDuringSenateService.htm#14
5. Cary O’ Dell, “WJSV (Washington, D.C.), Complete Day of Radio Broadcasting, Sept. 21, 1939, Added
19. Stephanie R. Rolph, Resisting Equality: The Citizens’ Council, 1954–1989, Louisiana State University
to the National Registry in 2003,” accessed on Sept. 13, 2020, https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/
Press, 2018, pp.108, 137; Slim Smith, “The True Story of the Citizens’ Council: Work of Researcher,
national-recording-preservation-board/documents/WJSV.pdf; Cary O’Dell bio, accessed on Sept. 13,
Archivist, Makes Important Part of Group’s History Available to the Public,” The Dispatch, April 13,
2020: https://blogs.loc.gov/now-see-hear/author/codell/; Juan González and Joseph Torres, News for
2019: https://cdispatch.com/news/article.asp?aid=73029. Jessica Perkins Smith is the archivist from
All the People: The Epic Story of Race and the American Media, Verso Books, pp. 206–208
Mississippi State University quoted in the Slim Smith article stating that the White Citizens’ Council
6. William Barlow, Voice Over: The Making of Black Radio, Temple University Press, Dec. 18, 1998: p.
claimed in its literature that its program aired on more than 1,000 radio stations.
24; Douglas B. Craig, Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1920–1940, Johns
20. Kay Mills, Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television, University Press of
Hopkins University Press, 2003: https://tinyurl.com/y5nu9hvl
Mississippi, 2004, pp. 20–21
7. Ibid William Barlow, pp. 25, 55; Chris Heim, “Radio Roots,” The Chicago Tribune, Feb. 12, 1989:
21. Ibid, p. 21
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-02-12-8903040739-story.html; Adam Green,
22. Ibid
Selling the Race: Culture, Community and Black Chicago, 1940–1955, University of Chicago Press, 2009,
23. Ibid
p. 81: https://tinyurl.com/y26hd82o; Lean’tin Bracks, African American Almanac: 400 Years of Triumph,
24. Ibid
Courage and Excellence, Visible Ink Press, 2011, p. 171: https://tinyurl.com/y3onl4p4
25. Ibid, pp. 19–20
8. Juan González and Joseph Torres, News for All the People: The Epic Story of Race and the American
26. Ibid, pp. 22–23
People, Verso Books, 2011, pp. 286–287; Yasmin Amer, “America’s First Black-Owned Radio Station
27. Ibid, pp. 47–48
Let the Words of MLK and Others Ring,” CNN, Feb. 10, 2016: https://www.cnn.com/2016/02/10/living/
28. Ibid, p. 47
werd-first-black-radio-station-feat/index.html; “WERD,” New Georgia Encyclopedia, last edited on
29. Ibid, pp. 49–52. The passage we quote from Evers’ speech was cited here: “May 20, 1963:
Aug. 24, 2020: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/werd
Medgar Evers Speech on WLBT,” Zinn Education Project, accessed on Sept. 14, 2020: https://www.
9. Kay Mills, Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television, University Press of
zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/medgar-evers-speech/
Mississippi, 2004, pp. 3–4
30. Kay Mills, “Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television,” Prologue
10. “White Citizens’ Councils,” American Experience, PBS, accessed on Sept. 14, 2020: https://www.pbs.
Magazine, Fall 2004, Vol. 36, No. 3: https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/fall/
org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/emmett-citizens-council/
channels-1.html; Randall Pinkston and Phil Hirschkorn, “50th Anniversary of Medgar Evers'
11. Steven D. Classen, Watching Jim Crow: The Struggles Over Mississippi TV, 1955–1969, Duke University
Broadcasting Milestone,” CBS News, June 12, 2013: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/50th-
Press, 2004, pp. 36–37
anniversary-of-medgar-evers-broadcasting-milestone/
12. Stephanie R. Rolph, Resisting Equality: The Citizens’ Council, 1954–1989, Louisiana State University
31. Kay Mills, Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television, University Press of
Press, 2018, p. 60
Mississippi, 2004, p. 76
13. Ibid
32. Cheryl Leanza, “Martin Luther King Jr. and UCC Media Justice — 60 Years Later,” United Church
14. Ibid; Fred Beard was general manager of WLBT. See background of WLBT: “WLBT and Civil
of Christ Office of Communication, Inc., Jan. 13, 2020: http://www.uccmediajustice.org/o/6587/p/
Rights,” Mississippi Encyclopedia, accessed on Sept. 14, 2020: https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/
salsa/web/blog/public/entries?blog_entry_KEY=7828
entries/wlbt-tv-and-civil-rights/
33. Kay Mills, “Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television,” Prologue
15. Steven D. Classen, Watching Jim Crow: The Struggles Over Mississippi TV, 1955–1969, Duke University
Magazine, Fall 2004, Vol. 36, No. 3: https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/fall/
Press, 2004, pp. 37–38
channels-1.html; Kay Mills, Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television,
16. Ibid
University Press of Mississippi, 2004
17. Stephanie R. Rolph, Resisting Equality: The Citizens’ Council, 1954–1989, Louisiana State University
34. Robert D. McFadden, “Everett C. Parker, Who Won Landmark Fight Over Media Race Bias, Dies
Press, 2018, p. 80; “The Citizens’ Council,” Mississippi History Now, accessed on Aug. 20, 2020:
at 102,” The New York Times, Sept. 18, 2015: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/19/us/everett-parker-
http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/427/the-citizens-council; Ashton Pittman, “MSU
obituary.html;
Digitizes Endangered Citizens Council Radio Tapes,” Jackson Free Press, April 11, 2019: https://www.
35. Kay Mills, “Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television,” Prologue
jacksonfreepress.com/news/2019/apr/1/msu-digitizes-endangered-citizens-council-radio-ta/
Magazine, Fall 2004, Vol. 36, No. 3: https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/fall/
18. Stephanie R. Rolph, Resisting Equality: The Citizens’ Council, 1954–1989, Louisiana State University
channels-1.htm
Press, 2018, p. 112; Ibid Ashton Pittman; Slim Smith, “The True Story of the Citizens’ Council: Work of
Milestones of Black Resistance Media
1929
The Harlem
Broadcasting
Corporation is
founded, leasing time on
WRNY in New York City
and airing the program
A Raise to Culture.
1929
1949
In Chicago, the “dean of
African American disc
jockeys,” Jack Cooper,
leases time on WSBC to
The All-Negro
Hour, the “first
air
1966
Jesse Blayton becomes
the first Black owner of
a radio station with his
purchase of
WERD-AM
successful weekly radio
show featuring African
Americans.” Cooper
partners with the
Chicago Defender and
later with the Pittsburgh
Courier to produce the
first Black newscast in
the Midwest.
#MEDIA2070
in Atlanta.
Local Black leaders and the
United Church of Christ win a
historic legal victory in their
fight against racist station
WLBT .
The court ruling
gives citizens legal standing to
challenge broadcast licenses.
The decision leads to a federal
court revoking WLBT’s license;
later, a majority-Black owned
company takes over ownership
of the station.
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