Media 2070 FINAL - Flipbook - Page 88
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1. Bio of Malkia Devich-Cyril, MediaJustice, accessed on Sept. 4, 2020: https://mediajustice.org/staff/
12. Ibid Jeff Horwitz and Deepa Seetharaman; Ibid Nick Statt
malkia-devich-cyril/; “Who We Are,” MediaJustice, accessed on Sept. 4, 2020: https://mediajustice.org/
13. Elizabeth Dwoskin, Craig Timberg and Tony Romm, “Zuckerberg Once Wanted to Sanction Trump.
who-we-are/; “MediaJustice Network,” accessed on Sept. 20, 2020: https://mediajustice.org/network/
Then Facebook Wrote Rules That Accommodated Him,” The Washington Post, June 28, 2020: https://www.
2. Coalition letter on unconstitutional surveillance addressed to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, House
washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/06/28/facebook-zuckerberg-trump-hate/; Sarah Kessler, “Donald
Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy, House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler and House
Trump Can Post Hate Speech To Facebook, But You Can’t,” Fast Company, Dec. 11, 2015: https://www.
Judiciary Committee Ranking Member Jim Jordan, June 17, 2020: https://mediajustice.org/wp-content/
fastcompany.com/3054592/donald-trump-can-post-hate-speech-to-facebook-but-you-cant
uploads/2020/06/coalition_letter_defund_police_surveillance.pdf; “Letter to Twitter About Dataminr and
14. Craig Timberg, “How Conservatives Learned to Wield Power Inside Facebook,” The Washington Post,
Surveillance,” MediaJustice, Color Of Change, ACLU and ACLU of Northern California, July 9, 2020: https://
Feb. 20, 2020: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/02/20/facebook-republican-shift/; Ibid
mediajustice.org/resource/letter-to-twitter-about-dataminr-and-surveillance/
Elizabeth Dwoskin, Craig Timberg and Tony Romm
3. Tracy Jan, “Amazon Continues to Profit from the Sale of White-Supremacist Propaganda, Report
15. Donald Trump via Facebook, “Because of MAIL-IN BALLOTS, 2020 will be the most RIGGED Election
Says,” The Washington Post, July 6, 2018: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/07/06/
in our nations history - unless this stupidity is ended. We voted during World War One & World War
amazon-continues-to-profit-off-the-sale-of-white-supremacist-propaganda-report-says/; Sam Biddle,
Two with no problem, but now they are using Covid in order to cheat by using Mail-Ins!” June 22, 2020:
“Amazon ‘Stands in Solidarity’ Against Police Racism While Selling Racist Tech to Police,” The Intercept,
https://www.facebook.com/DonaldTrump/posts/10164936401760725
June 3, 2020:
16. Brian Fung, “Civil Rights Groups Condemn Zuckerberg’s Inaction on Trump’s Posts,” CNN, June 2,
https://theintercept.com/2020/06/03/amazon-police-racism-tech-black-lives-matter/; Ryan Mac and
2020: https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/02/tech/civil-rights-groups-condemn-zuckerberg-trump/index.html
Carolina Haskins, “Facebook Has Been Profiting from Boogaloo Ads Promoting Civil War And Unrest,”
17. Barbara Sprunt, “The History Behind ‘When the Looting Starts, the Shooting Stars,’” NPR, May 29,
BuzzFeed News, June 30, 2020: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/facebook-instagram-
2020: https://www.npr.org/2020/05/29/864818368/the-history-behind-when-the-looting-starts-the-
profit-boogaloo-ads; Kaya Yurieff, “YouTube Removes Richard Spencer and David Duke a Year After
shooting-starts
Saying It Would Ban Supremacists,” CNN Business, June 29, 2020: https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/29/
18. Ibid
tech/white-supremacists-youtube/index.html; Lois Beckett, “Twitter Bans White Supremacist David Duke
19. Elizabeth Dwoskin, Craig Timberg and Tony Romm, “Zuckerberg Once Wanted to Sanction Trump.
After 11 Years,” The Guardian, July 31, 2020: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jul/31/david-
Then Facebook Wrote Rules That Accommodated Him,” The Washington Post, June 28, 2020: https://
duke-twitter-ban-white-supremacist
www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/06/28/facebook-zuckerberg-trump-hate/; Makena
4. Yaël Eisenstat, “I Worked On Political Ads at Facebook. They Profit By Manipulating Us,” The
Kelly,“Facebook Employees Walk Out in Protest of Donald Trump’s Posts,” The Verge, June 1, 2020:
Washington Post, Nov. 4, 2019: https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/11/04/i-worked-political-
https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/1/21277135/facebook-walkout-protest-virtual-president-donald-
ads-facebook-they-profit-by-manipulating-us/
trump-posts
5. Jessica Guynn, “Facebook While Black: Users Call It Getting ‘Zucked,’ Say Talking About
20. Ina Fried, “Civil Rights Leaders Blast Facebook After Meeting with Zuckerberg,” Axios, June 2, 2020:
Racism Is Censored as Hate Speech,” USA Today, April 24, 2019: https://www.usatoday.com/
https://www.axios.com/civil-rights-leaders-blast-facebook-after-meeting-with-zuckerberg-63daa9dd-
story/news/2019/04/24/facebook-while-black-zucked-users-say-they-get-blocked-racism-
0209-4420-85d3-805385825718.html
discussion/2859593002/; Julia Angwin and Hannes Grassegger, “Facebook’s Secret Censorship Rules
21. Rachel Lerman and Craig Timberg, “Bowing to Pressure, Facebook Will Start Labeling Violating
Protect White Men from Hate Speech But Not Black Children,” ProPublica, June 28, 2017: https://
Posts from Politicians. But Critics Say It’s Not Enough,” The Washington Post, June 26, 2020: https://www.
www.propublica.org/article/facebook-hate-speech-censorship-internal-documents-algorithms ; Shirin
washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/06/26/facebook-hate-speech-policies/
Ghaffary, “The Algorithms That Detect Hate Speech Online Are Biased Against Black People,” Vox, Aug.
22. Carmen Scurato, Facebook vs. Hate, Free Press, September 2019: https://www.freepress.net/sites/
15, 2019: https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/8/15/20806384/social-media-hate-speech-bias-black-
default/files/2019-11/facebooks_vs_hate_free_press_report.pdf
african-american-facebook-twitter
23. Shira Frankel, Nicholas Confessore, Cecilia Kang, Matthew Rosenberg and Jack Nicas, “Delay, Deny
6. Testimony of Brandi Collins-Dexter in the hearing “A Country in Crisis: How Disinformation Online
and Deflect: How Facebook’s Leaders Fought Through Crisis,” The New York Times, Nov. 14, 2018: https://
Is Dividing the Nation,” House Subcommittee on Communications and Technology and House
www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/technology/facebook-data-russia-election-racism.html
Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce, June 24, 2020: https://docs.house.gov/
24. Color Of Change via Facebook, “Facebook’s Attack on Color Of Change: President Rashad Robinson
meetings/IF/IF17/20200624/110832/HHRG-116-IF17-Wstate-Collins-DexterB-20200624.pdf
Responds,” Nov. 19, 2018: https://www.facebook.com/notes/color-of-change/facebooks-attack-on-color-
7. Ibid
of-change-president-rashad-r
8. “Facebook’s Civil Rights Audit Shows Need for Reforms,” The Leadership Conference on Civil and
25. Ibid
Human Rights, June 24, 2020: https://civilrights.org/2020/07/08/facebooks-civil-rights-audit-shows-need-
26. Facebook’s Civil Rights Audit: Final Report, July 8, 2020: https://about.fb.com/wp-content/
for-reforms/
uploads/2020/07/Civil-Rights-Audit-Final-Report.pdf
9. “Who We Are,” Change the Terms, accessed on Aug. 13, 2020: https://www.changetheterms.org/
27. Ibid
coalition; FAQs,” Change the Terms, accessed on Aug. 13, 2020: https://www.changetheterms.org/
28. Ibid
faqs; “Civil-Rights, Anti-Hate and Open-Internet Groups Release 'Change the Terms' to Help Internet
29. Ibid, p. 9
Companies Combat Hateful Activity Online,” Free Press, Oct. 25, 2018: https://www.freepress.net/news/
30. Facebook’s Civil Rights Audit: Final Report, July 8, 2020: https://about.fb.com/wp-content/
press-releases/civil-rights-anti-hate-and-open-internet-groups-release-change-terms-help
uploads/2020/07/Civil-Rights-Audit-Final-Report.pdf
10. Julia Carrie Wong, “White Nationalists Are Openly Operating on Facebook. The Company Won’t
31. Pema Levy, “This Week, Mark Zuckerberg Sided with Donald Trump. History Won’t Forget It,” Mother
Act,” The Guardian, Nov. 21, 2019: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/nov/21/facebook-
Jones, June 5, 2020: https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/06/mark-zuckerberg-donald-trump/
white-nationalists-ban-vdare-red-ie; Siva Vaidhyanathan, “From Trump to Fox News to 8chan: The Web
32. “Suspending David Duke a Sign Big Tech Is Starting to Take Seriously Demands to Confront Hate,”
of White Supremacist Rhetoric Is Wide,” The Guardian, Aug. 6, 2019: https://www.theguardian.com/
Free Press, July 31, 2020: https://www.freepress.net/news/press-releases/suspending-david-duke-sign-
commentisfree/2019/aug/06/trump-seeds-violent-white-nationalism; Casey Newton, “Why Twitter
big-tech-starting-take-seriously-demands-confront
Has Been Slow to Ban White Nationalists,” The Verge, April 26, 2019: https://www.theverge.com/
33. Ibid
interface/2019/4/26/18516997/why-doesnt-twitter-ban-nazis-white-nationalism;
34. “White Supremacist Groups Are Thriving on Facebook,” Tech Transparency Project, May 21, 2020:
11. Jeff Horwitz and Deepa Seetharaman, “Facebook Executives Shut Down Efforts to make the Site
https://www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/white-supremacist-groups-are-thriving-on-facebook;
Less Divisive; the Social-Media Giant Internally Studied how it Polarizes Users, then Largely Shelved
“Facebook’s Boogaloo Problem: A Record of Failure,” Tech Transparency Project, Aug. 12, 2020:
the Research,” The Wall Street Journal, May 26, 2020: https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knows-it-
https://www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/facebooks-boogaloo-problem-record-failure
encourages-division-top-executives-nixed-solutions-11590507499; Nick Statt, “Facebook Reportedly
35. Safiya Noble, “The Loss of Public Goods to Big Tech,” Noema, July 1, 2020: https://www.noemamag.
Ignored Its Own Research Showing Algorithms Divide Users,” The Verge, May 26, 2020: https://www.
com/the-loss-of-public-goods-to-big-tech/
theverge.com/2020/5/26/21270659/facebook-division-news-feed-algorithms
36. Ibid
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